Journal: Viruses

Article Title: Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity of an Ankyrin Repeat Protein on Viral Assembly against Chimeric NL4-3 Viruses Carrying Gag/PR Derived from Circulating Strains among Northern Thai Patients

doi: 10.3390/v10110625

Figure Lengend Snippet: Establishment of SupT1 cells stably expressing Ank GAG 1D4 and Ank A3 2D3 fused to an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter protein. The EGFP reporter protein expression and the morphology of the cells were determined using an inverted fluorescence microscope at 200× magnification ( top panel ) at 48 h post-transduction. The percentages of EGFP-positive cells, which represent the SupT1 cells expressing Ank GAG 1D4 and Ank A3 2D3, were investigated using flow cytometry ( bottom panel ).

Article Snippet: Human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells and SupT1 cells (human T cells, lymphoblastic lymphoma) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA).

Techniques: Stable Transfection, Expressing, Fluorescence, Microscopy, Transduction, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity of an Ankyrin Repeat Protein on Viral Assembly against Chimeric NL4-3 Viruses Carrying Gag/PR Derived from Circulating Strains among Northern Thai Patients

doi: 10.3390/v10110625

Figure Lengend Snippet: The p24 capsid domain (p24CA) levels in the supernatant collected from SupT1 cells harbouring Ank GAG 1D4 and Ank A3 2D3 after infection with 131 Gag/PR chimeric viruses. ( A ) Distribution of p24CA showed that the mean ± SEM of SupT1/Ank A3 2D3 and SupT1/Ank GAG 1D4 was 186.5 ± 25.8 µg/mL and 62.2 ± 16.0 µg/mL, respectively. ( B ) Significant reduction of p24CA in SupT1/Ank GAG 1D4 compared with SupT1/Ank A3 2D3 by individual samples. ** p < 0.01 was determined using a two-tailed paired Student t -test. The percentage of samples that experience reduction was 98.47%.

Article Snippet: Human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells and SupT1 cells (human T cells, lymphoblastic lymphoma) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA).

Techniques: Infection, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity of an Ankyrin Repeat Protein on Viral Assembly against Chimeric NL4-3 Viruses Carrying Gag/PR Derived from Circulating Strains among Northern Thai Patients

doi: 10.3390/v10110625

Figure Lengend Snippet: Quantitative analysis of the p24CA levels of the four clusters. ( A ) Four clusters, namely C1, C2, C3, and C4, were classified by the K-means clustering method. In the case of C4, a dataset in which the p24CA levels of SupT1/Ank GAG 1D4 and SupT1/Ank A3 2D3 were over 1500 µg/mL was excluded from the plot. ( B ) The p24CA level of the four clusters after being classified by the K-means clustering method. Significant differences (** p < 0.01) in the p24CA levels between SupT1/Ank GAG 1D4 and SupT1/Ank A3 2D3 were determined using the two-tailed Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test.

Article Snippet: Human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells and SupT1 cells (human T cells, lymphoblastic lymphoma) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA).

Techniques: Two Tailed Test

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity of an Ankyrin Repeat Protein on Viral Assembly against Chimeric NL4-3 Viruses Carrying Gag/PR Derived from Circulating Strains among Northern Thai Patients

doi: 10.3390/v10110625

Figure Lengend Snippet: Ank GAG 1D4 inhibits syncytium formation of SupT1 cells after being infected by Gag/PR chimeric viruses induction. SupT1/Ank GAG 1D4 and SupT1/AnkG A3 2D3 were infected with chimeric viruses. The cells were observed at 400× magnification using an inverted microscope. The black arrows point to syncytia. DK001 and DK007 are two representative samples of the Gag/PR chimeric viruses in cluster 1.

Article Snippet: Human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells and SupT1 cells (human T cells, lymphoblastic lymphoma) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA).

Techniques: Infection, Inverted Microscopy

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Microbiome assembly on Drosophila body surfaces benefits the flies to combat fungal infections

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104408

Figure Lengend Snippet: Bacterial load increase on the Drosophila body surfaces after eclosion for different times and variations in fly survival and AMP gene expressions (A and B) Time-dependent increase of the bacterial CFUs on the surfaces of female (A) and male (B) flies. Within each panel, different capital and lower letters labeled above each sample represent the significance of difference at the level of p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively, after one-way ANOVA analysis. (C and D) Variation or non-variation of the CFU numbers formed on the LB medium with the addition of different antibiotics. Both the 2-DPE (C) and 10-DPE (D) flies were washed for CFU counting. DPE, days post eclosion. The antibiotic nafcillin largely inhibits the G+ bacteria whereas aztreonam inhibits the G- bacteria. The difference level of the two-tailed Student’s t test for significance is at: ∗∗∗, p < 0.001. (E) No obvious difference in the CFU numbers formed on different media. The 2-DPE flies were washed for CFU counting. Panels A-E: Values are represented as mean ± SD. (F and G) Survival of the different-age female flies against the topical infection of B. bassiana (F) and M. robertsii (G). Mocks one and two represent the two- and 10-DPE flies treated with 0.05% Tween 20, respectively. Plotted values are represented as mean ± SEM (SE of mean). More than 70 flies were used for each treatment and the experiments were repeated twice. (H and I) qRT-PCR analysis of the antimicrobial gene expressions after the topical infection of the two- and 10-DPE female flies with B. bassiana (Bb, panel H) and M. robertsii (Mr, panel I) for 48 h. The flies treated with 0.05% Tween 20 were used as mock controls. Values are mean ± SD. There were three replicates each with 10 flies, and the two-tailed Student’s t test was conducted to compare the expression level difference of AMP genes: ∗, p < 0.05; ∗∗, p < 0.01; ∗∗∗, p < 0.001; ∗∗∗∗, p < 0.0001. (See also Figure S1 and Table S1 ).

Article Snippet: To this end, each pooled bacterial sample was treated with 100 μl of Lysis Buffer (Mouse Tissue Direct PCR Kit, Tiangen Biotech, Beijing) for 30 min at 65°C and 5 min at 95°C.

Techniques: Labeling, Bacteria, Two Tailed Test, Infection, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Microbiome assembly on Drosophila body surfaces benefits the flies to combat fungal infections

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104408

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: To this end, each pooled bacterial sample was treated with 100 μl of Lysis Buffer (Mouse Tissue Direct PCR Kit, Tiangen Biotech, Beijing) for 30 min at 65°C and 5 min at 95°C.

Techniques: Virus, Isolation, cDNA Synthesis, Lysis, Software, Electron Microscopy